The review of Chinese urbanization provincial difference reveals the basic characteristics of urbanization in different provinces before 2000. We use the urban population data of “the Fifth National Census” and “the Sixth National Census” to draw out the new features of urbanization among different provinces in China since 2000. The results show that most of the provinces are in the rapid growth stage of urbanization,while the provincial differences of the level of urbanization are gradu-ally reduced. The basic pattern of the urbanization level is higher in the east than in the west , and in the middle part of China it is generally at a low level. Additionally,in the inland area,it is higher in the north than in the south,the southwest is at the lowest level of urbanization. Urban population is still mainly in the coastal area ,but the development focus has emerged from south to north and from the east to the midlands. The main factors of urbanization are economy ,initial level of urbanization and non-agricultural employment proportion, but the correlation decreases gradually along with the process of urbanization.%在综述中国城镇化省际差异研究的基础上，揭示了2000年以前城镇化省际差异的基本特征；运用“五普”、“六普”可比城镇人口数据，重点研究了2000-2010年中国人口城镇化省际差异的新特征。结果显示，大部分省（区）处于城镇化中期阶段，人口城镇化水平的省际差异呈现逐年缩小的趋势；城镇化水平的基本格局表现为东高西低、中部中低结合的格局，内陆则呈现北高南低的态势，西南部省区成为城镇化水平最低的区域；城镇人口的聚集仍以沿海为主，但是发展的重心已经呈现出由南向北、由东部向中部偏移的趋势；经济发展水平、初始城镇化水平、和非农就业比重等是影响城镇化省（区）差异的主要因素，但随着城镇化水平的整体提升，相关性逐渐降低。
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