“低保”需求与供给错位了吗？

摘要

With exploratory spatial data analysis method,and building the measurement model of spatial Durbin,this pa⁃per makes the empirical analysis of the spatial difference and causes of China’s urban minimum living security standards from 2003 to 2014. The research shows that there is dislocation in the fund demand and the supply of China"minimal assur⁃ance",and the tax sharing reform and the regional segmentation of the minimum living security system are the main reason to for this dislocation. In addition,China’s urban minimum living security standards reflect the significant spatial demon⁃stration effect in spatial distribution,when the central government puts forward to the people’s livelihood,the local govern⁃ments thereafter appear competition tendency to improve the of urban minimum living security standards.%文章运用探索性空间数据分析方法，并构建空间Durbin计量模型，对2003～2014年间我国城市最低生活保障标准的空间差异及其成因进行了实证分析。研究表明，我国的“低保”需求与“低保”资金供给存在错位的现象，分税制改革与地区分割的最低生活保障制度是造成“低保”需求与“低保”资金供给错位的主要原因。此外，我国城市最低生活保障标准在空间分布上存在显著的空间示范效应，当中央政府提出要向民生倾斜时，地方政府存在竞争提高城市最低生活保障标准的倾向。