我院332例儿童药品不良反应分析

摘要

目的 分析我院儿童发生药品不良反应(ADR)的情况,为临床合理用药提供参考.方法 收集我院2017年上报的332例ADR报告.将患儿分成6个年龄段,对患儿的性别、给药途径、药物类别、ADR的报告类型、累及的器官或系统、发生时间和结果进行分析.结果 在所有的年龄段中,抗感染药物(39.76％)、中成药(11.14％)和抗肿瘤药(9.64％)的ADR占前3位,头孢菌素类占抗感染药物的第1位(75.00％);结果主要好转为68.98％;严重的ADR较少且散发;报告类型以已知一般(83.13％)为主.除新生儿期外,男童均多于女童(1.6∶1);ADR累及皮肤及其附件(62.95％)、累及消化系统(11.14％)和全身性损害(10.24％)占前3位.除新生儿期和婴儿期外,其他年龄段主要出现在15 min内(44.88％),并以静脉滴注给药(71.69％)为主.结论 不同年龄段儿童的ADR在性别、给药途径、累及的器官或系统和发生时间等方面存在差异,应加强不同年龄段儿童ADR的监测工作.%Objective To analyze the adverse drug reactions (ADR) report in children in our hospital, and to provide a reference for clinical rational drug use.Methods 332 cases of ADR reports in our hospital in 2017 were collected.The patients were divided into six age groups to conduct the analysis of gender, route of medication, types of drugs, ADR types, ADR involving organ or system, the occurred time and the outcome.Results The top 3 drug categories involved in ADR were anti-infective drugs (39.76％), Chinese patent medicines (11.14％) and the antineoplastic agents (9.64％) in all age groups.Cephalosporins accounted for the first (75.00％) in the anti-infective drugs.The main outcomes were improved (68.98％);the serious ADR was less and sporadic;the general ADRs (83.13％) were known as the major.Except for neonatal period, boys were more than girls (1.6∶1) and the skin and its appendages (62.95％), the digestive system (11.14％) and systemic injury (10.24％) ranked at the top three.Except for neonatal and infant period, other children′s ADR mainly occurred by intravenous drip (71.69％) within 15 min (44.88％).Conclusion Different age children had their differences in gender, route of medication, ADR involving organ or system and the occurred time.ADR monitoring work should be strengthened.