Vacuum distillation method is considered to be one of the most important purification methods on metals, especially low melting point metals, because of its short process, less consumption, environmental pollution and other advantages. The present situation and progress of vacuum distillation technology in high purity metal purification are described in detail. The technique of vacuum distillation fractionation mechanism and influencing factors which includes saturated vapor pressure, partition coefficient and the evaporation rate are introduced. The vacuum distillation technology used in the low melting point metal bismuth, stibium, indium purification and the feasibility of using a variety of methods to purify ultra-high purity metals are discussed. Super high purity bismuth (>99.999 9 %) is prepared through the process of combining vacuum distillation with zone melting purification.%真空蒸馏方法以其流程短、消耗少、对环境无污染等优点，成为高纯金属，特别是低熔点金属的研究热点和工业生产中的最主要的方法之一.综述了真空蒸馏技术在高纯金属提纯方面的现状与前景，详细介绍了真空蒸馏技术的分馏机理和影响因素，包括饱和蒸气压、分离系数和蒸发速率3个方面对真空蒸馏提纯效果和效率的影响.介绍了真空蒸馏技术在高纯金属铋、锑、铟3种低熔点金属制备中的应用，并探讨了采用多种方法联合提纯获得超高纯金属的可行性，通过真空蒸馏与区域熔炼两种方法相结合制备了纯度大于99.9999%的超高纯铋.
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