海洋无缝垂直基准体系的建立及其航海应用

摘要

The fact that the sea charts, the essential reference for navigation at sea, are produced against different choices of vertical datum may bring about safety issue. To solve the problem the establishment of unified marine vertical datum is proposed. The new datum is defined with the introduction to the general principle, the choice of the reference plane according to the phenomenon of tides at each sea, and the conversion between datums. The model of a seamless vertical datum transition between neighboring sea areas for interim period is also suggested. Besides, the practical applications of the new datum in routine navigation supporting, such as tide forecasting, depth and positioning information conversion are discussed in detail by which the practicality of the datum is demonstrated.%海图是保障船舶海上航行安全的重要工具,针对现有海图因垂直基准不统一造成的航行安全隐患等问题,提出建立海洋无缝垂直基准体系.首先界定了该体系的涵义,介绍其建立的总体思想,进而明确给出了根据各海域潮汐的特点,分别选取适宜的垂直基准面,在不同垂直基准间建立转换模型,在临界海域建立过渡模型的海洋无缝垂直基准体系的方法.在此基础上,详细探讨了这一基准体系在潮汐预报、深度和定位信息的转换等经常性航海保障工作中的具体应用,表明了其明显的实用性.