船上实施听力保护的技术要求及应用

摘要

It is known to all that ship noise causes hearing damage to crew, including some permanent hearing loss cases. The 91st International Maritime Organization Marine Safety Committee has passed the new Code on Noise Levels On Board Ships. Around the implementation of the noise code, this paper analyzes the technical requirements of hearing protection and the technical reference for correct choose of hearing protectors, and discusses the influence on language communication and auditory signals feeling when hearing protectors are used. It emphasizes that the risk assessment on hearing damage is necessary, and proposes how to identify the particular risks of hearing damage.%船舶噪声对船员的听力损伤是众所周知的，甚至发生部分船员的永久性听力损失。国际海事组织第91届海安会通过了新的《船上噪声等级规则》，围绕实施噪声规则，分析了听力保护的技术要求和正确选用听力保护器的技术依据，探讨了佩戴听力保护器对语言交流和感受听觉信号造成的影响。强调必须开展听力损伤的风险评估，并对识别听力损伤的特殊风险因素提出了建议。