基于船舶曲面分段数控胎架的柔性化制造技术研究

摘要

胎架是船舶曲面分段制造过程中不可或缺的工装设备，曲面分段在胎架上的装配精度关系到船舶的建造质量和效率。分析了现有的模板式胎架、支点式胎架和支柱式活络胎架的应用现状，针对目前已有船舶曲面分段胎架的特点，研究基于船舶曲面分段数控胎架的柔性化制造技术，从曲面胎架的调形参数设计、曲板限位与夹紧工装、曲板定位工装、曲板装配焊接变形和反变形补偿机制等多方考虑，提出一种适用于曲面（平面）分段制造的新型数控柔性胎架，集合了现有各类胎架形式的优点。基于船舶曲面分段数控胎架的柔性化制造技术的研究与应用，实现船舶曲面分段零部件快速精确定位和装配，减少装配及后续修正工作量，提高船舶曲面分段建造质量和效率。%Jigs are essential equipment for the construction of curved hull block, the quality and efficiency of ship construction depends on the assembly accuracy of the curved hull block on jigs. This paper analyzes the application status of the existing template jigs, pivot jigs and pillar adjustable jigs. In view of the characteristics of existing jigs, the paper studies the flexible manufacturing technology based on NC jigs for curved hull block. The study proposes a new type of NC flexible jigs suitable for curved (planar) hull block construction, which integrates the advantages of existing jigs, with consideration of the jig tuning parameter design, curved plate limiting and clamping tooling, curved plate positioning tooling, as well as curved plate welding deformation and anti-deformation compensation mechanism. The study and application of flexible manufacture technology based on NC jigs can realize the fast and accurate positioning and assembling of curved hull block parts, reducing the work of assembling and subsequent correction, and improving the quality and efficiency of the construction of curved hull block.