当前,中国天然气管道等基础设施建设处于快速发展的阶段,在改革的进程中存在诸多问题和矛盾.得益于包括成功管网改革在内的天然气产业体制改革,美国和英国已成为天然气行业市场化最成熟的两个国家,其发展和改革历程中的经验值得中国等天然气产业发展中国家借鉴和参考.为此,梳理了美国和英国天然气产业发展和改革的历程,总结了其经验启示:①天然气产业快速增长期的标志性包括主干管网建设和消费量快速增长;②两个国家天然气改革的时机都是天然气产业发展的成熟阶段;③管网剥离、资产拆分的目标可通过多种路径实现.进而结合我国天然气产业的发展现状,提出了天然气管道改革的实施路径:①用1～2年的时间实现财务独立,实现运输业务与销售业务的分离;②在2019年前实现管道业务的法律独立;③到2020年左右,待我国天然气管网发展到成熟期、上游市场主体和下游市场主体充分实现多元化、天然气价格市场化改革趋于完善后再实现管道业务的产权独立.%Such infrastructure construction as natural gas pipelines is still at a rapid development stage in China at present,so there are many issues and contradictions to solve in the further reform process.Developing countries including China should study and learn good experiences from the US and Britain,the most two developed countries in the natural gas sector,benefiting from their successful reforms on pipeline operation and management.In view of this,such experiences from the US and Britain were summarized as follows:increase of trunk lines construction and gas consumption became the benchmark of a rapid natural gas development stage;the gas reform of both countries was chosen at the right time when natural gas development came to a mature stage;and many approaches were adopted to achieve the goals of pipeline independent management and assets division.On this basis,according to the natural gas development status in China,the following implementation approaches were presented.(1) Pipeline financial independence will be achieved within one to two years as well as the separation between transportation and sales services.(2) Legal independence of pipeline services will be realized before 2019.(3) Independent pipeline property rights will not achieved by 2020 when gas grids come to a mature period,when market diversification becomes true in both up and down streams of natural gas industry,or when natural gas pricing and marketing reforms become perfected.
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