传统中药复方是按照七情和合、君臣佐使的原则组成.君臣佐使与西药的加和、协同、拮抗的相互作用模式密不可分.组分配伍遵循了传统中医理论指导,有效成分和作用机理相对清楚,是多种组分间协同、加和、拮抗的协调统一.组分配伍模式可通过组分间直接发生化学成分变化,或影响其它组分的吸收、代谢、药效、毒性等诸多性质.通过组分间相互作用研究可从复杂体系中理清哪些成分对主要功效有协同增效和加和作用,哪些成分对毒副作用有拮抗作用,并且通过多因素、动态药理模型指导辨证施治的组分配伍及组分优化.在此基础上,探讨组分间与靶点间的相互联系,这为阐明组分配伍机制、优化配伍组分,从而推动中药复方的现代开发模式起到积极的作用.本文通过分析配伍研究的基本科学问题,回顾配伍的现代研究进展,结合作者的研究工作,期望获得组分配伍现代研究的突破性启示.%Chinese prescription is composed of Chinese herbal medicine according to the “seven compatible relations” and the “sovereign, minister, assistant and courier” principles. These principles are closely associated with the interaction of synergy, addition and antagonism. Under the direction of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theories, the multi-component combination study provides clearer component mechanism than the study of TCM prescription. This mode displays a harmony of synergistic, additive, or antagonistic interactions among combined components. The mechanism of component interaction directly triggers chemical reaction or influences the character of other components including absorption, metabolizability, pharmacodynamics, toxicity, etc. Key problem in the component interaction study is to distinguish which components have synergistic or additive effect, and which components are able to antagonist the side effect of other components. Multi-component optimization should be completed based on multi-factor and dynamic pharmacological models, in which not only diseases but also their syndromes should be differentiated. Further study of how components interact with its targets enables us to understand the combination mechanism underlying. This consideration will promote modernization of TCM prescriptions.
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