From aspects of etiology, pathogenesis, treatment and commonly used prescriptions and herbs, this paper expounded traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theories on cancer. Compound factors such as external evil invasion, diet damage and emotional disorders were causes of cancer in TCM theories. Clinically, TCM emphasized on expelling external evil as an important part in cancer treatment. However, characteristics of different diseases should be differentiated. Great attention should be paid to strengthening the body resistance. Generally speaking, ancient TCM doctors would used tonification herbs together with toxic herbs to benefitqi andyin as well as to promote blood circulation to remove blood stasis. Thus, the deficiency and excess were both considered. And the visible masses can be reduced from all-around and multi-level. This article suggested that TCM theories had great meaning of guidance in cancer treatment for current clinical oncologists.%本文从病因、病机、治法、常用方药等方面阐述了传统中医理论对于肿瘤疾病的认识,认为传统中医从触冒外邪、饮食损伤、情志失调等诸复合因素认识肿瘤病因.在治疗方面,传统中医理论认为驱邪对于肿瘤治疗有重要作用,但需区别不同疾病的病邪特点,邪正兼顾,同时重视养正则积自除的临床意义.在常用方药方面,古人常常大补大毒药同用,集益气养阴、破血消癥软坚于一炉,虚实兼顾,冀以全方位、多层次消除有形积块.文章最后认为传统中医理论对于当前临床肿瘤医生治疗肿瘤具有很大的指导意义.
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