新数据环境下城市土地集约利用精细化评价——以南京市为例

摘要

土地是城市社会和经济发展的基础,城市土地的有效供给是城市经济发展的重要保障.在资源约束和建设生态文明的背景下,土地集约利用是中国新型城镇化的战略选择.本研究从丰富土地集约利用内涵和拓展土地集约利用评价方法两方面,在传统评价方法的基础上,集成表征城市基础设施、城市人口聚集、城市功能活力的新数据来源,建立了城市土地集约利用精细化评价框架,并以南京市为研究区,实现1km*1km空间格网下的综合评价.研究结果表明:(1)集成城市活力的评价框架,丰富了城市土地集约利用的内涵.新的数据来源和可靠的数据质量为开展城市土地集约利用精细化评价提供了有力支撑;(2)与传统集约评价结果相比,在新的评价体系下南京市土地集约利用水平整体上有所提升.处于高度集约、中度集约、一般集约利用水平的土地面积比例分别为6.21%、63.20%、30.59%;(3)引入城市活力评价后,南京市土地集约利用空间格局由单一高值模式转向多组团共同发展模式,土地集约利用的空间差异凸显,高值区主要集中在中心城区以及新城区.发展中的新城区土地集约利用水平明显提升,主城周边外围城区核心区内的土地利用也呈现较高的集约水平.%Land resources are the foundation of a city's social and economic development. Therefore, the effective supply of urban land is an important guarantee for ecological civilization. In the context of resource constrains and the construction of ecological civilization, the intensive use of land is a strategic choice for China's new urbanization. Based on the enrichment of land intensive use connotation and the expansion of land intensive use evaluation method, referencing conventional assessment methods, this paper integrates the new data sources of urban infrastructure, urban population, urban functional vitality to establish a technical framework for urban intensive land use evaluation. And Nanjing in Jiangsu Province was taken as a case study and a result at a resolution of 1km*1km was achieved. It indicated: (1) the integrated urban vitality evaluation broadens the connotation of the intensive in urban land use. Emerging fine-scale data provide effective support for conducting urban land intensive use evaluation; (2) Compared with the conventional intensive evaluation results, the level of land intensive use of the whole city has been improved under the new evaluation system. The proportions of land areas with highly intensive type, moderatetype, generally intensive type respectively accounted for 6.21%, 63.20% and 30.59%; (3) After adding the evaluation of city vitality, the spatial pattern of land intensive use in Nanjing changed from a single high-value model to a multi-group common development model. The spatial difference of intensive land use was prominent. The high-value areas were concentrated in the central urban area and the new urban area. The land intensive use level in the developing new urban area is obviously improved, and the land use level in the surrounding countries also shows high.