脑血管疾病患者经皮内镜下胃造瘘行肠内营养的效果观察及护理

摘要

Objective To investigate the strategies for nursing the cerebrovascular disorder (CVD) patients who were treated with enteral nutrition for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). Methods 16 CVD patients were managed with enteral nutrition for PEG. The preoperative and postoperative cares were performed in collaboration with PEG. Results By enteral nutrition, the severe malnutrition in 6 of the patients were markedly improved, the mediate malnutrition in 7 and the mild malnutrition in 3 were improved to the normal level. 2 of the patients had a little inflammatory exudation at incisions, 3 had abdominal distention and 1 oral fungus infections. Conclusion For CVD patients, enteral nutrition for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is safe and supportive nutritionally. The nursing strategies including the care of ostomy catheter, monitoring of enteral nutrition and prevention of complications may ensure the smooth implementation of enteral nutrition, propel their recovery and improve their quality of life.%目的 探讨脑血管疾病患者经皮内镜下胃造瘘(percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy,PEG)行肠内营养的效果及总护理要点.方法 对16例脑血管疾病无法经口进食而需要肠内营养患者,在经皮胃镜下行PEG,并配合做好术前后护理工作.结果 经PEG管饲后,6例重度营养不良患者情况明显改善,7例中度和3例轻度营养不良患者恢复正常；PEG肠内营养期间2例患者伤口伴少量炎症渗出,3例患者出现腹胀或腹痛,1例出现口腔真菌感染.结论 脑血管疾病患者经皮内镜下PEG行肠内营养是一种安全、有效的营养支持方法.护士做好造瘘管护理、肠内营养护理、口腔护理及预防相关并发症等工作,可保证脑血管疾病患者肠内营养顺利实施,促进疾病康复,提高患者生活质量.