精神分裂症患者照顾者精神卫生知识需求调查分析

摘要

目的：探讨精神分裂症患者照顾者对精神卫生知识需求状况，为改善对其精神卫生知识及技能的干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用方便抽样方法，对65名精神分裂症患者照顾者进行精神卫生知识及技能需求问卷调查，内容包括疾病知识、药物知识、康复治疗知识和自我调节知识需求4方面。结果疾病知识需求方面前3项分别为：导致疾病复发的因素、疾病复发的预防方法、病情复发的表现。药物知识需求方面前3项分别为服用特殊药物需要定期做什么检查、抗精神病药物常见的副反应及表现形式、坚持服药的重要性；康复治疗需求方面前3个分别为心理与疾病康复的关系、心理治疗的作用、工娱治疗的作用；自我调节需求方面前3项分别为睡眠调节、情绪自我调节与日常生活自我管理、饮食指导。结论精神分裂症患者照顾者对精神卫生知识的需求较明显，应加强对精神分裂症患者照顾者的精神卫生知识及技能健康宣教，提高其精神卫生知识及技能，从而更好地照顾患者，实现患者的全面康复。%Objective To investigate needs of caregivers of patients with schizophrenia for mental health knowledge and provide the scientific evidence for formulating the general intervention to improve the caregivers′mental health knowledge and skills . Methods Sixty-five caregivers of the patients with schizophrenia participated in the survey by a general state questionnaire and the requirement to mental health knowledge and skill questionnaire using the convenience sampling method. The survey included mental illness knowledge drug, knowledge rehabilitative therapy and self-adjustment. Results Among all the items of the questionnaire, the 3 items they needed most was mental illness knowledge, the preventing method and the symptoms of the recurrent diseases. The 3 items they needed most in respect of drug knowledge were what examinations are needed when taking special drugs, the adverse reactions of the antipsychotic drugs and the importance of persisting in taking drugs. The 3 they needed most in respect of rehabilitative therapy were the relationship between psychology and disease rehabilitation, the role of mental treatment and the role of work-entertainment therapy. The 3 items they needed most in respect of self-adjustment included sleep adjustment, self-adjustment of affects and self-management of daily life and instructions on dieting. Conclusions The caregivers′mental health knowledge and skills are not enough. Therefore, their mental health knowledge and skills should be strengthened so that they can take better care of the patients to realize comprehensive rehabilitation of patients.