鲈鲤胚胎发育研究

摘要

利用养殖条件下的鲈鲤亲鱼通过干法授精获得鲈鲤受精卵，对其胚胎发育的全过程进行连续观察。结果显示，鲈鲤成熟鱼卵平均卵径为1.8 mm，吸水膨胀后为2.5 mm，沉性卵、弱黏性。在水温(19±1)℃的条件下，受精后1 h 25 min胚盘形成；2 h 45 min进入卵裂期；16 h 33 min进入囊胚期；28 h进入原肠期；33 h 50 min进入原肠中期，此时统计受精率高达99.38%；受精后40 h 34 min进入神经胚期；67 h 10 min肌肉开始收缩；85 h 15 min进入心动期；101 h 40 min开始出膜。该过程所需积温为1901.0℃。讨论了鲈鲤胚胎6阶段32时期的分化特点，旨在为该鱼的规模化人工繁殖奠定基础。%The whole process of embryonic development of Percocypris pingi pingi(Tchang)was observed by using fertilized eggs obtained from carp raised in pond through dry method of artificial fertilization. The results indicated that the average size of zygote was 1.8 mm in diameter and would be 2.5 mm after absorbing water. They were demersal eggs and had low viscosity. Blastoderm period appeared at 1 h 25 min after fertilization under the room temperature of(19±1)℃. Cleavage period,blastocyst period,gastrulation period and mid gastrula period arrived at 2 h 45 min,16 h 33 min,28 h and 33 h 50 min after fertilization respectively,and fertilization rate could reach 99.38%.Neurula period occured at 40 h 34 min and muscles were observed to shrink at 67 h 10 min after fertilization. Then cardiac period and hatching arised severally at 85 h 15 min and 101 h 40 min after fertilization. Accumulated temperature could be up to 1 901.0℃during the development process.The development characteristics of 7 periods and 31 stages in Percocypris pingi pingi(Tchang)were described here,and it would provide essential reference for industrial breeding of Percocypris pingi pingi(Tchang).