云南个旧超大型矿床地质特征及成矿模式

摘要

个旧矿床不仅是一个超大型的锡矿床，同时也是大型的铜、铅、锌、钨和银矿床，此外还伴生众多的有色金属和稀有金属矿产。近些年来，除了成矿与燕山期花岗岩成矿有关的认识外，还有海底喷流成矿和玄武岩成矿的新观点。笔者在参与国家“十五”科技攻关课题《大型锡矿山接替资源探查技术与示范》工作中，通过野外调查和矿床地质特征的总结分析，提出了个旧超大型矿床的成矿模式，个旧矿区成矿作用的主要因素是燕山期含矿花岗岩，与碳酸盐建造和富含成矿物质的岩层发生相互作用，在花岗岩体的内外接触带附近，富集形成一系列锡铜多金属矿床，成矿作用围绕含矿花岗岩而进行。个旧矿区成矿花岗岩与碳酸盐建造和富含成矿物质的岩层以及构造的有利配置是控制矿床空间分布的根本原因。%Gejiu deposit is a super-large tin deposit as well as a large scale copper,lead,zinc,tungsten and sil-ver deposit,with abundant mineral resources of non-ferrous metals and rare metals.Besides traditional point of view of mineralization related to Yanshan granite,new perspectives of submarine exhalative mineralization and basalt mineralization are developed in recent years.Through the works in national"tenth five-year-plan"key science and technology project"Exploration technology of replacement mineral resources in large scale tin mines and demonstration",and based on the field investigation and the analysis on geological characteristics of the deposits,the author propose the metallogenic model of Gejiu super-large deposit.The main metallo-genic factors are the interaction between Yanshan mineral-bearing granites and the rock stratum which formed by carbonate and enriched with metallogenic materials.In the vicinity of inner and outer contact zone of granite rock bodies,a series of tin polymetallic deposits are enriched and formed and the mineralization oc-curs around the ore-bearing granite.The main factors which control the spatial distribution of the ore depos-its are Gejiu metallogenic granites,carbonate formations,mineralization rocks and the structures of favora-ble configuration.