Bioterrorism and emerging infectious diseases are major security issues today. The United States attaches great importance to biodefense capabilities by implementing many biological defense related national strategies and biodefense projects. This paper analyzes the features of the United States biodefense strategies, such as " Biodefense for 21" Century " and " National Strategy for Countering Biological Threats" , as well as those of biodefense projects, such as " Project BioShield" and " Project BioWatch". Biodefense strategies in the United States are a guide to implementation of biodefense projects while biodefense projects promote the enhancement of biodefense capabilities. Chinese authorities should develop explicit biological defense strategies, establish and implement biodefense projects, and improve the capability to cope with natural occurrence of infectious diseases.%生物恐怖与新发、突发传染病应对是当今人类社会面临的重大安全问题.美国高度重视生物防御能力建设,发布了多项与生物防御相关的国家战略并开展了一系列的生物防御计划.本研究分析了美国《21世纪生物防御》、《应对生物威胁国家战略》等生物防御战略以及生物盾牌计划、生物监测计划等生物防御计划的特点及对我国的启示.美国生物防御战略引领其生物防御计划的实施,生物防御计划推动其生物防御能力的提升,同时其生物防御能力建设结合了自然发生传染病的应对.我国应建立明确的生物防御战略,有计划分阶段地实施生物防御计划,同时加强对自然发生新发、突发传染病的应对能力建设.
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