潜艇长航作业环境对艇员血液指标的影响初探

摘要

Objective To explore the blood biochemical indices of submariners during a long voyage and analyze the possible causes so as to help work out measures to improve their health .Methods The routine blood indicator was checked by Olympus 400 automated Chemistry Analyzer and MedonicCA 620 auto blood analyzer respectively .HbCO%was detected by double wavelength spectrophotometer .Serum total protein was detected by protein electrophoresis , and immunoglobulins IgA, IgG and IgM, complements and T3/T4 were also determined by radioimmunoassay .Results After a long voyage, the levels of globulin(22.80 ±3.37 vs 25.81 ±2.95,t=6.561,P=0.000),serum iron(20.88 ±6.35 vs 28.73 ±9.16, t=5.218,P=0.000),uric acid(342.43 ±56.23 vs 374.98 ±62.19, t=3.858,P=0.000) and triglycerides(TG,1.57 ± 1.18 vs 2.01 ±1.09,t=3.462,P=0.010)were significantly higher.The level of RBC was not no significantly changed (5.11 ±0.35 vs 5.13 ±1.33, t=0.431,P=0.669), but the level of hemoglobin (HGB,153.48 ±9.17 vs 155.96 ± 8.47,t=4.142,P=0.000)and lymphocyte percentage(LYM,40.85 ±6.34 vs 46.09 ±6.93,t=2.474,P=0.017)was raised markedly.Moreover,LYM level was much higher than the clinical level (t=4.894,P=0.000).HbCO%(1.46 ± 1.18 vs 1.03 ±0.88,t=4.908,P=0.000),neutrophil percentage(NEUT%,48.79 ±6.91 vs 45.27 ±7.18,t=3.458, P=0.010),mean corpuscular volume(MCV,92.87 ±3.51 vs 90.62 ±3.14,t=3.398,P=0.001),monocyte percentage (MONO,7.99 ±2.41 vs 6.19 ±1.66,t=3.714,P=0.001) were significantly elevated.Levels of C3 (0.81 ±0.05 vs 0.96 ±0.05,t=10.486,P=0.000) and T4(75.23 ±11.88 vs 90.23 ±13.99,t=4.406,P=0.000)were raised marked-ly but T3 (1.35 ±0.14 vs 1.27 ±0.18,t=6.127,P=0.000) decreased markedly after a long voyage .Conclusion Long voyage has some effect on submariners blood biochemical indices .It is necessary to monitor these parameters and improve n the nutrition of submariners for better health .%目的：研究潜艇长航作业环境对艇员血液指标的影响，探讨可能的影响因素，为进一步实施提升艇员健康能力措施提供依据。方法随机抽取某长航30 d潜艇50名艇员为研究对象，分别在出航前2 d、返航后3 h内采取静脉血。用Olympus－400型血液生化自动分析仪、MedonicCA620血常规检测仪分析全血及生化指标、双波长分光光度法检测碳氧血红蛋白百分比（ HbCO％）、蛋白电泳方法分析血清蛋白水平、放免法测定血清免疫球蛋白及T3、T4水平。结果与航行前测量结果比较，长航后艇员血生化指标中球蛋白（22．80±3．37 vs 25．81±2．95，t＝6．561，P＝0．000）、血清铁（20．88±6．35 vs 28．73±9．16， t＝5．218，P＝0．000）、尿酸（342．43±56．23 vs 374．98± 62．19， t＝3．858，P＝0．000）和甘油三酯（1．57±1．18 vs 2．01±1．09，t＝3．462，P＝0．010）均显著升高；外周血红细胞水平变化不明显（5．11±0．35 vs 5．13±1．33， t＝0．431，P＝0．669），血红蛋白（153．48±9．17 vs 155．96±8．47， t＝4．142，P＝0．000）、淋巴细胞百分比（40．85±6．34 vs 46．09±6．93，t＝2．474，P＝0．017）升高明显，且淋巴细胞百分比明显高于临床正常值（t＝4．894，P＝0．000），HbCO％（1．46±1．18 vs 1．03±0．88，t＝4．908，P＝0．000）、中性粒细胞百分比（48．79±6．91 vs 45．27±7．18，t＝3．458，P＝0．010）、平均红细胞体积（92．87±3．51 vs 90．62±3．14，t＝3．398，P＝0．001）、单核细胞百分比（7．99±2．41 vs 6．19±1．66，t＝3．714，P＝0．001）明显降低；与航行前比较，长航后艇员血清补体C3（0．81±0．05 vs 0．96±0．05，t＝10．486，P＝0．000）、内分泌激素T4（75．23±11．88 vs 90．23±13．99，t＝4．406，P＝0．000）水平显著升高，内分泌激素T3水平显著降低（1．35±0．14 vs 1．27±0．18，t＝6．127，P＝0．000）。结论长航作业后部分艇员血液指标有明显变化，表明长航作业环境对艇员健康有一定影响，有必要进一步阐明原因并采取必要预防措施。