气象条件对赣南脐橙品质的影响

摘要

Based on 2008—20 09 quality inspection data and meteorological data of seven main orange producing counties in Ganzhou, the influence of meteorological conditions on the quality of navel orange in the southern Ganzhou is studied by using stepwise regression method and other statistical analysis methods. The results show that the navel orange fruit weight is related to mean minimum temperature and mean maximum wind speed of fruit growing season, when the mean minimum temperature is below 21.7 ℃, fruit weight increases with the minimum temperature, conversely, it reduces. Fruit weight is negatively correlated with the average maximum wind speed, the greater the wind speed is, the smaller the fruit weight is. Fruit shape index is positive correlated with the diurnal temperature range, the larger the diurnal temperature range is, the greater the fruit shape index is, and the more the long oval-shaped fruit are. The peel thickness increases with the average maximum temperature of fruit growth late season. Soluble solids and total sugar content are negatively correlated with the temperature of fruit growth late season, but positively with precipitation, sunshine hours and the diurnal temperature range, and the diurnal temperature range is the key meteorological factor to affect the soluble solids and total sugar content. The total acid content is negatively correlated with the temperature of fruit growth late season, but positively with precipitation, average maximum wind speed and the diurnal temperature range, more rainfall and larger wind speed result in much plenty of the total acid content of the navel orange.%　　利用2008—2009年赣州市7个脐橙主产县品质检验资料，结合同期相应县的气象资料，采用统计相关分析方法，对脐橙果实发育成熟期的气象条件进行相关普查，利用逐步回归方法进行多因子筛选，得到相关显著且具有生物学意义的气象因子作为影响品质的主要气象因子；运用线性回归和非线性回归进行单因子分析.结果表明：脐橙单果重主要与果实生长期的平均最低气温和平均最大风速有关，其中当平均最低气温在21.7℃以下时单果重随平均最低气温升高而增大，反之减小；与平均最大风速呈负相关关系，风速愈大，单果重愈小.果形指数与果实生长期的气温日较差成正相关关系，气温日较差愈大，果形指数愈大，长椭圆形果愈多.果皮厚度随果实生长后期的平均最高气温升高而增厚.可溶性固形物和总糖含量与果实生长后期的气温呈负相关关系，与果实生长后期的降水量、日照时数和果实生长期的气温日较差呈正相关关系，且气温日较差是影响可溶性固形物和总糖含量的关键气象因子.总酸含量与果实生长后期的气温呈负相关关系，与果实生长后期的降水量、平均最大风速和气温日较差成正相关关系，降水多、风速大，脐橙总酸含量增大.