美国怀俄明州矿区土地复垦验收标准及保证金返还

摘要

美国土地复垦工作开展较早,其矿业第一大州怀俄明州的煤矿土地复垦历史悠久、复垦法律法规较为完善,尤其是土地复垦验收及保证金返还的体系较为合理且可操作性强,为保障土地复垦的成功提供了有效保障.在阅读和分析怀俄明州土地复垦的法律法规和相关资料、访问相关管理人员的基础上,解析了该州的相关政策体系,详细介绍了该州的土地复垦验收标准和保证金返还的依据、实施程序以及每个复垦阶段的验收标准和保证金返还指标,最后将该州土地复垦验收和保证金返还的成功要素总结为本地化的法律法规、明确的验收指标和严格的监管体系.该州成功经验可为我国相关领域的政策制定提供参考和借鉴.%The land reclamation started earlier in the United States. As state with biggest mineral resources,Wyoming has a long history of land reclamation,and its relative rules and regulations are comparatively advanced. Especially,the land recla-mation performance standards and bond release system are reasonable and practical,that has effectively contributed to the suc-cessful land reclamation. Based on the review and analysis on the land reclamation rules and regulations in Wyoming,and the interview with the officer in the Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality,Land Quality Division,the rules and regulations system are analyzed,and the legal basis and procedure,details the land reclamation performance standards and bond release criteria by stages are illustrated. Finally,the success factors for land reclamation and bond release in Wyoming have been con-cluded as the localized rules and regulations,detailed specific performance standards and strict monitoring and supervision in-stitution. The successful experiences in Wyoming could be taken as a reference for the relative policy formulation in China.