我国白钨矿浸出工艺包括基于生成难溶性钙盐的碱法浸出工艺、基于生成可溶性钙盐的酸法浸出工艺以及其他浸出工艺.碱法浸出工艺的特点主要是流程短、设备简单、浸出率高、原料适应性强等,但碱法浸出工艺普遍存在能耗大、成本高的缺点,同时均需要在药剂量很大的情况下进行,进而给后续工序带来了一定的困难.酸法浸出工艺主要用于处理高品位、低杂质的优质白钨矿,对钨矿物原料的适应性较差,对原料中的杂质具有严格的要求.酸法浸出工艺的特点主要是热力学反应趋势高,但在分解过程中会产生钨酸膜,进而影响白钨矿的分解效果,此外对设备的腐蚀性较强、对环境污染严重.其他浸出工艺虽然是对碱法和酸法浸出工艺的改进,但大多难以实现工业化.因此,针对目前白钨矿分解工艺的弊端,亟待开发能耗低、操作简单、经济和清洁的白钨资源处理新技术,以期实现我国钨工业资源的可持续发展.%Mainly current scheelite leaching processes be introduced,especially including alkaline leaching process based on generating insoluble calcium salt,acid leaching process based on generating soluble calcium salt,and other leaching proces-ses. Alkaline leaching process is characterized by short flow,simple equipment,high leaching rate and strong adaptability to raw materials. However,alkaline leaching process is generally of high energy consumption and high cost. Meanwhile,it is carried out in the case of excessive amount of agent,which will bring some difficulties to subsequent processes. Acid leaching process, mainly used to deal with high quality scheelite with high grade and low impurities,has poor adaptability to raw materials and strict requirement for impurities in raw materials. The characteristic of acid leaching process is mainly high thermodynamics re-action trend,but can produce tungsten acid membrane in the decompositionprocess,thus affect decomposition effect of scheel-ite. In addition,it will lead to high corrosion of equipment and serious pollutionofenvironment. Other leaching processes are im-proved based on alkaline and acid leaching processes,but most of them are difficult to industrialize. Therefore,based on the disadvantages of scheelite decomposition processes,it is urgent to develop new process technologies of scheelite resource with low energy consumption,simple operation,economy and cleanliness,in order to realize sustainable development of tungsten in-dustry resource in China.
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