离子液体在质子交换膜中的应用研究进展

摘要

质子交换膜是质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的核心元件之一,以Nafion为代表的全氟磺酸膜的电导率强烈依赖于水含量,而以磺化聚醚醚酮(SPEEK)为代表的磺化芳香族聚合物膜电导率依然有需要改善的空间,这些限制了PEMFC进一步的发展.离子液体具有较高的电导率,优异的热稳定性、电化学稳定性,且不挥发,因此可以替代水在高温下作为质子传递介质,应用于传统质子交换膜性能提升的改性,提高膜的质子电导率和使用温度.文章对近年来离子液体在SPEEK、PS、PBI、PI、PVDF、Nafion等树脂中的应用及质子传递机理进行了综述,阐述了应用中存在的问题及对策,并对研究前景进行了展望.%Proton exchange membrane is a crucial part of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC).Perfluorosulphonic acid based membranes such as NafionTM (Dupont),which has been mainly used for polymer electrolyte of PEMFCs,failed to maintain its high ionic conductivity when used in non-humid and high temperature conditions.Sulfonated aromatic polymer membranes such as sulfonated poly(ether-ether ketone) (SPEEK) suffers from relatively low ionic conductivity.Ionic liquids (ILs) show high ionic conductivity,excellent thermal and electrochemical stability,as well as negligible vapor pressure,which make them attractive to be introduced to polymer electrolyte membranes as proton transporting media to replace water for elevated temperature operation.This review covers the application of ILs in SPEEK,PS,PBI,PI,PVDF and Nafion,and the proton transfer mechanism.Finally,the problems and developmental direction are suggested.