应用于纤维基加热的聚乙烯/炭黑复合材料

摘要

本研究的目的在于探讨由90%(质量分数)的聚乙烯(PE)和10%(质量分数)的炭黑(CB)组成的复合材料的电导率和发热性.在该比例下,填料含量超过了渗流边界值.由该复合材料制备的长丝的导电性较好,其电导率σ=10~50 S/m.与相当于电绝缘体的纯聚合物(σ=10-5~10-12 S/m)相比,该复合长丝具有相当好的电性能;但与σ值在107 S/m范围内的铁或铜相比,仍需进一步提高,才能获得完全导电的聚合物.事实上,正是这种半导体性能,使复合长丝适合应用于纤维基加热,引起的电损失可以被用于发热.研究通过改变生产工艺参数,对不同变量的影响进行了分析,并对长丝性能进行了优化.到目前为止,由亚琛工业大学纺织技术研究所(ITA)生产的复合长丝具有个位数级的电导率(S/m).进一步描述了达10倍的性能提升.%The aim of the study is to investigate the conductivity and heat generation of a compound consisting of 90 wt% polyethylene (PE) and 10 wt% carbon black (CB).At this ratio the percolation barrier is exceeded.The produced filaments are highly conductive for polymers with a conductivity of σ=10 S/m to σ=50 S/m.Compared to pure polymer, which is rather an electric insulator (σ=10-5 S/m to σ=10-12 S/m), this is a quite good property;compared to iron or copper in the range of σ=107 S/m further improvement is needed to have a fully conductive polymer.Indeed, this semiconductive property is the reason why this compound is suitable of fibre-based heating.The electric losses are used for heat generation.By varying the production process parameters, the influence of different variables is analysed and the desired properties are optimized.So far, compound produced at the ITA had conductivities in the single-digit S/m area.The improvement by a factor of 10 is further described.