海南省黎族老年人慢性病患病情况及危险因素分析

摘要

Objective:To understand the situation of the chronic diseases and its risk factors of Li nationality elderly, such as hypertension, diabetes and stroke prevalence in Hainan Province, to provide the reference for Hainan province to develop chronic disease management policy suitable for Li nationality elderly. Methods:1187 Li nationality elderly over 60 years old from 6 communities of Haikou, Qionghai and Wuzhishan city were investigated through questionnaires and physical examination with cluster sampling method. Results: We found that 823 Li nationality elderly suffered from chronic diseases, whose prevalence rate was 69. 33%;Li nationality elderly with different cultural level, occupation before retiring, per capita income, family smoking, regular work and rest time, obesity and exercise situation had different prevalence rate of chronic dis⁃eases, which had statistical difference (all P<0. 05) by single factor analysis;the multiple Logistic regression analysis found that the influence of smoking, obesity, occupation before retiring, regular work and rest time, exercise situation on chronic diseases of Li nationality elderly had statis⁃tical difference (all P<0. 01). Conclusion:The prevalence rate and risk factors of chronic diseases of Li nationality elderly in Hainan Province were at a high level, and we should advocate a healthy lifestyle to improve the health literacy, and gradually change the unhealthy living habits, strengthen physical exercise.%目的：了解海南省黎族老年人常见慢性病如高血压、糖尿病和脑卒中等患病情况；分析其慢性病危险因素，为海南省制定适宜的黎族老年人慢性病防治管理政策提供参考依据。方法：采用整群抽样方法抽取海口市、琼海市、五指山市6个社区60周岁及以上的1187名黎族老年居民为研究对象，通过问卷调查和体格检查收集资料，分析黎族老年居民常见慢性疾病的患病情况及其危险因素。结果：体检发现，823名黎族老年居民患有慢性病，慢性病患病率为69．33％；通过单因素分析，黎族老年居民文化程度、离退休前职业、家庭人均月收入、吸烟、作息时间规律、肥胖和健身运动情况存在差异，其慢性病患病率也不同，且差异有统计学意义（均P＜0．05）；多因素Logistic回归分析发现，吸烟、肥胖、离退休前职业、作息时间规律、健身运动情况对黎族老年居民慢性病的影响差异有统计学意义（均P＜0．01）。结论：海南省黎族老年居民慢性病患病率与危险因素均处于较高水平，应倡导健康生活方式，提高健康素养，逐步改变不健康的生活习惯，加强体育锻炼。