To study the clinical efficacy ,adverse reaction and correlated prognosis factors in the postoperative stage Ⅱ andⅢ rectal cancer treated with three dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT ) + capecitabine and provide clinical evidence in adjuvant treatment of postoperative II and III rectal cancer .44 cases of postoperative II and III rectal cancer from 2008 to 2011 treated in the Department of Radiation Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University were selected for the retrospective studies :chemoradiotherapy group with 28 patients received concurrent 3DCRT+capecitabine ,radiotherapy alone group with 16 patients received 3DCRT only .The 3‐year overall survival rate in the chemoradiotherapy group、disease free survival rate in the chemoradiotherapy group was higher than the radiotherapy alone group (89 .3% vs .75 .0% ,75 .0% vs .62 .5% ) ,which had no statistical significance;The 3‐year local recurrence rate in the chemoradiotherapy group was significantly lower than the radiotherapy alone group (3 .6% vs .25 .0% ) ,which had statistical significance .The 3‐year distant metastasis rate in the chemoradiotherapy group was lower than the radiotherapy alone group (21 .4% vs .31 .3% ) ,however no statistical significance .The acute adverse reactions between the two groups:hematologic toxicities ,hand‐foot syndrome and diarrhea (60 .7% ,7 .1% ,50 .0% vs .25 .0% ,0 .0% ,37 .5% ) ,which had statistical significance .The incidences of vomit and urogenital tract reactions in the two groups were similar (7 .1% vs . 6 .3% ,17 .9% vs .12 .5% ) ,and the result had no statistical significance .There was no case of radiation cystitis ,only one case of anastomotic stoma inflammation occurred in chemoradiotherapy group .3DCRT + capecitabine could significantly reduce the local recurrent rate ,however the 3‐year overall survival rate was not remarkably increasing ,but the two survival curves had a tendency of separation which merit further follow‐up .There were no significantly differences in the 3‐year disease free survival rate , the distant metastasis rate between the two groups .3DCRT + capecitabine did not significantly reduce the distant metastasis rate and improve the disease free survival rate .Although 3DCRT+capecitabine could increase the acute adverse reaction rates ,the reactions were tolerable for patients .Moreover 3DCRT+capecitabine did not increase long‐term adverse reaction .%研究三维适形放疗联合卡培他滨化疗对Ⅱ、Ⅲ期根治术后直肠癌的临床疗效、毒副反应及相关预后因素，为Ⅱ、Ⅲ期直肠癌术后的辅助治疗提供临床依据。收集2008年至2011年大连医科大学附属第二医院肿瘤放疗科收治的44例Ⅱ、Ⅲ期直肠癌术后患者进行回顾性研究，分为同步放化组（28例），单纯放疗组（16例），两组的3年总生存率及无病生存率（89．3％vs．75．0％、75．0％vs．62．5％），远处转移率（21．4％vs．31．3％）差异均无统计学意义；局部复发率（3．6％vs．25．0％）差异有统计学意义；两组急性不良反应：骨髓抑制、手足综合征、腹泻发生率（60．7％，7．1％，50．0％vs．25．0％，0．0％，37．5％）差异有统计学意义。呕吐、泌尿生殖道反应发生率（7．1％vs．6．3％，17．9％vs．12．5％）差异无统计学意义。三维适形放疗联合卡培他滨化疗与单纯三维适形放疗相比可降低Ⅱ、Ⅲ期根治术后直肠癌的局部复发率，虽增加了部分急性毒副反应发生率，但均可耐受，且未增加远期毒副反应发生率。
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