从基因伦理论争看新型基因伦理学构建之必要性

摘要

With the application of gene technology in the medical field ,the original life moral philosophy is under great tension .Endangering human dignity and freedom of human nature is the main concern of scholars headed by Habermas who is against genetic enhancement and liberal eugenics ,while the supporters of genetic enhancement and liberal eugenics defend themselves by the view that human nature is not fixed and humanity should evolve itself .The existing two major genetic ethics philosophy ,the entity theory and the subjective theory ,face theory failure .From the point of view of the whole people’s well-being ,a prospective genetic ethics should face the challenges of genetic technology ,promote genetic ethics universal norms ,strengthen the international regulation of genetic technology .And a full human ,overall ,whole process of ethical review of gene technology is a must .%基因技术在医学领域的应用使原有的生命伦理学面临极大张力。危及人性、人的尊严与自由是以哈贝马斯为首的反对基因强化和自由优生人士的主要关切；而支持者却以人性并不固定而且人性也应进化为自己辩护。基因伦理学实体论和主观论哲学观都面临着理论失灵的困境。前瞻性新型基因伦理学应该直面基因技术的挑战，从全人类福祉出发，努力促成基因伦理学普适性规范的制定，加强对基因技术的国际监管，并对基因技术进行全人类、全局性、全过程的伦理审查。