论公共领域传统中医药知识的获取和惠益分享

摘要

The access and benefit-sharing on traditional Chinese medical knowledge was proposed in The Law on Traditional Chinese Medicine (draft) , but the traditional Chinese medical knowledge in public domain should be protected specifically due to its particularity in such aspects as the right holder, existence form, etc..The specific legislation on the access to biological genetic resource should be stipulated in China, and simultaneously special systems should be designed on the access and benefit-sharing of traditional Chinese medical knowledge in The Law on Chinese Medicine and its associated regulations: making it clear that the state is the form right subject; limiting the applicable objects to traditional Chinese medicine knowledge; creating the fund of the access and benefit-sharing on traditional Chinese medical knowledge; giving due consideration to the exclusion of the "Law of non-retroactivity"principle.%《中医药法（草案）》提出了传统中医药知识获取和惠益分享，而公共领域传统中医药知识在权利主体、存在形式等方面有其特殊性，因而更需要特殊保护。我国应在创设生物遗传资源获取管制专门立法的同时，在《中医药法》及其配套规定中对公共领域传统中医药知识获取和惠益分享进行特殊的制度设计：明确国家作为形式权利主体；适用对象限定为传统中医药知识；创设传统中医药知识获取和惠益分享基金；适当考虑“法不溯及既往”的例外情形。