质粒DNA转化细菌是分子生物学中最常用的技术.经典的氯化钙转化法操作复杂且效率低;通过病毒转化质粒虽然效率高但对健康有威胁;电穿孔基因转移法是目前最有前途的一种方法,转化效率很高.虽然电穿孔转化细胞的方法已经过多年发展,但影响其转化效率的因素及作用机制并不十分清楚,使得该技术的推广应用受到影响,该技术的成熟有待进一步发展.现从感受态细胞、电转化过程和质粒方面综述近年来有关电转化影响因素的研究进展,为基因工程等相关领域的研究提供参考.%Technique of transformation plasmid DNA into bacteria are most commonly used in molecular biology research. Calcium chloride method is complex and inefficient; The method of plasmid transformation by the virus is efficient, except for a threat to the health; Electroporation is the most promising method and its transformation efficiency is very high. Although the method of electroporation has been developed for many years, the factors involved in the transformation process and the related mechanism are not very clear,which limited the applications of the technology. It is necessary for this technology to be further developed. This article reviewed recent research progress focused on the factors which affected electroporation efficiency,including competent cells,electricity and plasmid transformation,in order to provide references for the genetic engineering and other related areas of research.
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