Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the urinary tract, at present the orthotopic neobladder is the primary treatment of invasive bladder cancer, but there are still urethral recurrence and other complications following the radical cystectomy. The recurrence mechanisms involves a variety of theories, and the risk factors are also various. Studies have shown that focuses strictly on the preoperative biopsy of the bladder neck, intraoperative frozen section examination of resection margins may improve the cure rate of the tumor. Patients with recurrent urinary tract tumors,often can get a better effect from a second surgery, immunotherapy, chemotherapy or gene therapy. With deeper understanding of the orthotopic neobladder, the urethral tumor recurrence rate can be significantly reduced.%膀胱癌是泌尿系统最常见的肿瘤之一,目前原位新膀胱手术是治疗浸润性膀胱癌的主要手段,但是术后仍有尿道肿瘤复发等可能性.其复发机制涉及多种学说,危险因素亦包括多种.研究显示,注重术前对膀胱颈进行活检,术中对切缘行冰冻切片检查可能提高肿瘤的根治率.对复发尿道肿瘤的患者,行二次手术、免疫治疗、化疗或基因治疗常能获得较好疗效.随着对原位新膀胱术的认识更加深入,尿道肿瘤的复发率将明显降低.
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