Coronary heart disease is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity increases substantially with age. It is estimated that more than 1 in 3 men and 1 in 4 women aged over 75 are currently living with coronary heart disease. Evidence from epidemiologic studies indicate that the increased risks of coronary heart disease in middle-aged people are relevant to the morbidity of coronary heart disease in the elderly people. Clinical trials have shown that changing these risk factors in middle-aged adults and the elderly can reduce risk of coronary heart disease. A diet that is low in fat,rich in carbohydrate, contains plenty of fruits, vegetables and fish and is low in salt, can protect against heart disease. Such diets, together with regular physical activity, avoidance of smoking,reasonable drinking habits and maintenance of a healthy body weight,may prevent the majority of cardiovascular diseases.%冠心病是随着年龄的增长而引起患者病死率和发病率大幅增加的首要原因.据估计,75岁以上老年人当中超过1/3的男性和1/4的女性患有冠心病.流行病学研究的证据表明,中年人冠心病危险因素的增加与老年人冠心病的发病率是有关的.临床试验表明,改变这些危险因素可以在中年人及老年人中有效地减少冠心病的危险.饮食上低脂肪、富含碳水化合物、多食水果和蔬菜和鱼类及低盐可以有效预防心脏病.这样的饮食习惯,加上经常参加体育活动、避免吸烟、合理饮酒和保持健康的体质量,可阻止大多数心血管疾病的发生.
展开▼
