人端粒酶反转录酶与肿瘤的研究进展

摘要

端粒是真核细胞维持自身染色体稳定的重要成分，其 DNA 序列位于染色体的末端，端粒的长度会随着染色体的不完全复制和细胞分裂而逐渐缩短。端粒酶相关基因的突变会造成端粒酶活性的降低以及端粒长度缩短，过短的端粒无法保护基因组维持正常的稳定性，最终造成细胞的老化、凋亡或恶变。人端粒酶反转录酶（ hTERT）基因的表达水平与端粒酶的活性一致，其表达被认为是端粒酶活性的关键步骤。该文就hTERT与肿瘤的关系予以综述。%Telomerase is an essential ingredient of the eukaryotic cells to maintain its stability ,with the DNA sequence locating at the end of the chromosome,and the telomere length is gradually shortened with the incomplete chromosome replication and cell division .Telomerase gene mutations can lead to low telomerase activity and shortened telomere length,too short telomeres are unable to protect the stability of the genome, resulting in cell aging, apoptosis or malignant transformation.Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is one important component of telomerase,and telomerase activity is consistent with the hTERT gene expression level,so its expression is considered to be the key step in the telomerase activity.Here is to make a review of the correlation between hTERT and tumors.