微RNAs(miRNAs)是一类内源性非编码小分子RNA,其在血液循环中结构稳定,降解缓慢.它们通过与靶mRNA结合,导致靶mRNA降解或翻译抑制,从而对多数真核细胞在转录后水平调控蛋白表达.miRNAs对胚胎细胞增殖、形态发生、分化和凋亡有重要的调节作用,参与生命过程中一系列的重要进程,其中胎儿发育和妊娠病理结局都受miRNAs的调控.miRNAs的表达水平变化与胚胎植入、异位妊娠、胎儿发育异常、反复自然流产、子痫前期等病理妊娠结局密切相关.胎盘循环miRNAs与妊娠状态有关,筛选差异miRNAs可用于孕期监测和诊断.筛选和鉴别外周血中差异表达的miRNAs,有望成为病理妊娠和妊娠状态潜在的新型分子标志物,作为一种无创筛查和诊断分子标志物其具有潜在的应用价值.%MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are a kind of endogenous non-coding small RNA molecules,with stable structure in the blood circulation and slow degradation,which combine with target mRNA,leading to the target mRNA degradation or translation inhibition to regulate the protein expression level after transcription in most eukaryotic cells.Studies have shown that miRNAs take important roles in embryonic morphogenesis,cell proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis,participating in a series of important processes in life,including fetal development and pathological pregnancy outcome.miRNAs expres-sion level changes are closely related to the pathological pregnancy outcome of the embryonic development and implantation, abnormal fetal growth,recurrent abortion,ectopic pregnancy,and preeclampsia.Placental circulation miRNAs are related to pregnancy status,so screening of different miRNAs can be used for monitoring and diagnosis of pregnancy.Screening and identification of differential expression of miRNAs in peripheral blood,are expected to be potential new molecular markers for the pathological state of pregnancy, which have potential application value as noninvasive screening and diagnosis molecular markers.
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