纳米医学在口腔癌治疗中的研究进展

摘要

口腔癌是口腔医学发病和死亡的重要原因之一,纳米医学为肿瘤诊断和治疗的进步带来了希望.纳米医学平台具有高效装载药物、核酸和核磁共振造影剂的能力,因此纳米相关载体对于某些临床药物、核酸和造影剂等具有增效减毒的潜力.在化疗预防中应用纳米技术装载的药物能在化疗抵抗的耐药细胞株上产生明显高于药物自由形式的抗肿瘤活性.使用纳米颗粒装载化疗药物也取得了良好的疗效,且降低了体内外的药物毒性.纳米科学还通过开发靶向磁性纳米颗粒,从而提高了光动力疗法的疗效.最后,利用纳米粒子进行基因治疗,在抑制基因表达方面已取得了肯定的成果.%Oral cancer is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in oral medicine ,and the nanomedicine has brought promising diagnostic and therapeutic advances in tumor.With its ability to deliver drugs ,nucleic acids,and MRI contrast agents with high efficiency ,nanomedicine platforms offer the potential to improve drug efficacy and tolerability.The nanoplatforms for delivery of chemopreventive agents have resulted in significantly higher anti -tumor activity than free forms of the drug,even against a chemo-resistant cell line.Exciting results have also been obtained using nanoparticles to deliver chemotherapeutics,resulting in reduced toxicity both in vitro and in vivo.Nanoparticles have also led to improvements in efficacy of photodynamic therapies through the development of targeted magnetic nanoparticles.Finally,gene therapy using nanoparticles has demonstrated good effects specifically with regards to inhibition of gene expression.