初级纤毛的功能及其在心血管系统中的作用

摘要

初级纤毛作为一个独立细胞元件,广泛分布于各类非增殖细胞表面,其生命周期始于静止,在有丝分裂前结束.虽然初级纤毛的结构微小只能通过电镜观察,但却具有感知机械、流体、光及化学信号等强大功能.当其结构和功能发生障碍时,会导致一系列纤毛相关疾病,涉及成骨、肾脏、心脏等器官和领域.在心脏发育、维持心血管系统的正常节律和病变过程中,初级纤毛通过调节一系列信号通路扮演重要角色,是心血管系统对应激做出适应性调节、维持稳态的关键感受器.未来,通过对初级纤毛功能及调控机制的研究,将为纤毛疾病的防治提供理论依据.%The primary cilia,as an independent cellular component,are widely distributed on the surface of various types of non-proliferating cells.Their life cycle begins at rest and ends before mitosis.Although the structure can only be observed by electron microscopy,it has the powerful functions of sensing mechanical,fluid,light,and chemical signals. When its structure and function are disturbed,it will lead to a series of cilia-related diseases,involving bone formation, kidney,heart and other organs and fields.During the heart development,the normal cardiovascular system rhythm mainte-nance and the pathologic process,the primary cilia play an important role by regulating a series of signaling pathways,and it is the key receptor for the cardiovascular system to adapt to stress and maintain homeostasis.In the future,the study of primary cilia function and regulation mechanism will provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of cilia diseases.