胆红素对新生儿神经系统影响的研究进展

摘要

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is one of common symptoms in neonatal period.Neonatal jaundice includes physiological jaundice and pathological jaundice.With the level of bilirubin increasing in the body,it may lead to bilirubin encephalopathy.Therefore,the neonatal bilirubin metabolic characteristics can help to recognize correctly neonatal hyperbi -lirubinemia.Low level of bilirubin is an oxygen free radical scavenger,which has the antioxidative effect of preventing and protecting cells from damaging superoxide compound.However,with the increase of blood bilirubin level,its entry into the central nervous system through the blood-brain barrier can cause nerve cell damage.In addition,bilirubin has toxic effects on the cell membrane,mitochondria and DNA,and can also damage synaptic function.It is necessary to further explore the damage mechanism of bilirubin to the nervous system,so as to better prevent and treat the brain damage caused by bilirubin.%新生儿高胆红素血症是新生儿期的常见症状之一.新生儿黄疸分为生理性黄疸和病理性黄疸.随着体内胆红素水平升高,可能会引起胆红素脑病.因此,通过新生儿胆红素的代谢特点能正确识别新生儿高胆红素血症.低水平胆红素是一种氧自由基清除剂,具有防止和保护细胞受超氧化合物损伤的抗氧化作用.但随着血中胆红素水平的升高,其穿过血脑屏障进入中枢神经系统可引起神经细胞损伤.此外,胆红素可对神经元细胞膜、线粒体及DNA产生毒性作用,同时也可损伤突触功能.故未来需进一步探究胆红素对神经系统的损伤机制,以更好地预防和治疗胆红素引起的脑损伤.