远航对船员机体微量元素及免疫系统的影响

摘要

目的:探究船员远航前后机体微量元素、淋巴细胞亚群比例和肿瘤坏死因子(tumornecrosis factor,TNF)的变化,为出海前预防微量元素失衡及免疫系统紊乱提供理论依据.方法:选取2016-03赴某海域连续海上作业108 d某远洋测量船船员61名,于出海前后采集其空腹静脉血,比较外周血微量元素(钙、镁、铁、铜、锌和铅)、淋巴细胞亚群比例及TNF水平.结果:出海前后钙离子水平差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与出海前相比,出海后铅离子水平升高,镁离子、铁离子、铜离子和锌离子水平下降,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).出海前后抑制毒性T细胞比例和CD4/CD8差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与出海前相比,出海后辅助性T细胞和总T淋巴细胞的比例均有所下降,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).出海后船员血清TNF水平(14.75±5.95)ng/L低于出海前的(18.77±6.25)ng/L,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:进行长时间远洋航行的船员机体微量元素、淋巴细胞亚群比例和TNF水平出现一定失衡,但仍处于正常范围内.出海前制订合理的膳食计划、给予心理干预可为预防微量元素失衡及免疫系统紊乱提供一定帮助.%Objective:To explore the effect of navigation on trace elements,lymphocyte subsets and tumor necrosis factor(TNF) in the crew,and to provide theoretical basis for preventing trace element imbalance and immune system disorders.Methods:From March 2016 61 crew of an oceangoing vessel in a sea of continuous operations at sea to sea before and after the acquisition of 108 d were collected.The trace elements(Ca2+,Mg2+,Fe3+,Cu2+,Zn2+ and Pb2+),lymphocyte subsets and TNF in peripheral blood were compared before and after the sail.Results:There was no significant difference on the level of Ca2+ before and after the sail (P＞0.05).Compared with the sail before,the levels of Mg2+,Fe3+,Cu2+ and Zn2+ decreased after the sail(P＜0.05),but the level of Pb2+ increased (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences on cytotoxic T lymphocytes and CD4/CD8 before and after the sail (P＞0.05).Compared with the sail before,helper T cells and total T lymphocytes decreased after the sail(P＜0.05).Compared with the sail before (18.77±6.25)ng/L the level of TNF decreased after the sail (14.75±5.95)ng/L (P＜0.05).Conclusion:The length of trace elements,lymphocyte subsets and TNF level of the fishermen who had long time at sea operations appeared to be unbalanced.