Aging is a biological process and state characterized by morphological change, hypofunction and metabolic disorder, often accompanied by severe degenerative diseases, including amyotrophy, atherosclerosis, neurodegeneration, and so on. Age-related diseases not only decrease the life quality of the elderly, but also impose great burden on family and society. As population aging, we are increasingly coming to realize that the longevity we want should be healthy aging but not simple increase of lifespan. By researching on the yeast, C. elegans, drosophila, mice and humans, we get to know the mechanisms of aging and methods for anti-aging, such as dietary restriction and use of anti-aging drugs like rapamycin. In this review, we summarized mainly the studies on mechanisms of aging and elaborate associated anti-aging strategies and underlying mechanisms.%机体在增龄过程中表现出以形态改变、功能减退以及代谢失调为特点的综合状态称为衰老.衰老的机体多伴有严重的退行性变,如肌肉萎缩、动脉粥样硬化、神经退行性变等,这些年龄相关疾病在使老年人失去生活质量的同时也给家庭和社会带来极大的负担.随着社会老龄化的加剧,人们越来越意识到所追求的长寿应当是健康的老化而不是单纯的寿命延长.从对酵母菌、秀丽线虫、果蝇,到对小鼠等啮齿动物以及人体的研究,我们在了解衰老机制的同时也总结出一些抗衰老的方法 ,如饮食限制以及以雷帕霉素为代表的抗衰老药物等.本文主要对当前衰老机制的研究状况进行总结并阐述对应的抗衰老方法 及相关作用机制.
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