Objective:To summarize the classification of bacteriology and drug resistance of pneumonia in children, explore the importance of quality control to ensure the inspection quality.Method: 140 children with pneumonia were selected in our hospital from January 2011 to December 2014 in general hospital, the sputum specimens were cultured in the laboratory and determination was made of the bacteria and drug sensitivity, the quality control was used in the whole test process.Result: 140 children with pneumonia with a total of 78 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected, the positive rate was 55.7%, who were dominated by Gram negative bacteria, 54 strained (69.2%), 22 strained of gram positive bacteria (28.2%), 2 strained (2.6%). The types of bacteria gram negative bacteria in Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, drug sensitivity to ampicillin resistance to the west, cephalosporins, imipenem, meropenem sensitive; the types of bacteria gram positive bacteria in Streptococcus pneumonia and Staphylococcus Staphylococcus aureus, drug sensitivity to penicillin, erythromycin, were sensitive to vancomycin.Conclusion:The main pathogenic bacteria were gram-negative bacteria pneumonia in children, clinical should according to the results of bacterial culture to guide the use of antibiotics, quality control is of great significance to ensure the inspection quality.%目的：总结小儿肺炎细菌学分类及其耐药情况，探讨质量控制对保证检验质量的重要性。方法：选取本院2011年1月-2014年12月济钢总医院收治的小儿肺炎患儿140例，在检验科的细菌室对其痰液标本进行细菌学培养，并测定其药物敏感性，在整个检验过程中进行质量控制。结果：在140例肺炎患儿中，总共检测出了78株的致病菌，阳性率是55.7%，大部分是革兰阴性菌，有54株（69.2%），革兰阳性菌22株（28.2%），其他2株（2.6%）。革兰阴性菌的细菌类型包括肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、嗜血杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、阴沟肠杆菌等，药物敏感性方面对于氨苄西、头孢菌素类耐药，对于亚胺培南、美洛培南敏感；革兰阳性菌的细菌类型集中在肺炎链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌，药物敏感性方面对于青霉素、红霉素耐药，对于万古霉素均敏感。结论：小儿肺炎主要病原菌为革兰阴性菌，临床上应根据细菌学培养结果指导使用敏感抗生素，质量控制对保证检验质量具有重要意义。
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