老年体检人群主要慢性病患病现状及营养状况评价

摘要

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of major chronic diseases and nutritional status of elderly health examination population in order to provide scientific basis for improving the health status of the elderly. Method:Elderly health examination people in our hospital from September 2011 to December 2014 were selected as the research objects.Self designed questionnaire and Mini Nutritional Assessment(MNA)were used to survey the research objects.Result:In the 877 examination people,there were 114(13.0%)people without any diseases,405(46.2%) people suffering from one kind of disease,221(25.2%)people suffering from two kinds of diseases and 137(15.6%) people suffering from three or more kinds of diseases.There were 481(54.8%)people with hypertension,203(23.1%) people with coronary heart disease and 153(17.4%)people with diabetes mellitus,the diseases above were the first three diseases according to their morbidity rates.The first three diseases according to the medication compliance were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(81.8%),hypertension(81.7%)and pneumonia(81.0%).The average MNA total score was(23.1±3.9).In the research objects,there were 416(47.4%)people with potential malnutrition and 48(5.5%)people with malnutrition.Comparing the MNA scores of the elderly in different financial situation and different teeth situation respectively,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Most of the elderly population are associated with one or more chronic diseases and there are also a certain number of undernourished people. The relevant departments should attach importance to the nutrition and health education of the elderly and actively improve the nutritional status of the old.%目的：了解老年体检人群主要慢性病患病现状及营养状况，为改善老人健康状况提供科学依据。方法：选择2011年9月-2014年12月在本院体检中心进行健康体检的老人作为研究对象，采用自行设计的主要慢性疾病患病及服药情况调查表、简易营养评价量表（Mini Nutritional Assessment，MNA）对研究对象进行问卷调查。结果：877名体检老人中，未罹患任何疾病者114人（13.0%），患1种疾病者405人（46.2%），患2种疾病者221人（25.2%），患3种及以上疾病者137人（15.6%）。患病率前三位的疾病依次为高血压481人（54.8%）、冠心病203人（23.1%）、糖尿病153人（17.4%），服药依从性较高的前三位依次为慢性阻塞性肺病（81.8%）、高血压（81.7%）、肺炎（81.0%）。人均MNA总分为（23.1±3.9）分；研究对象中潜在营养不良者416人（47.4%），营养不良者48人（5.5%）。分别比较不同经济状况、不同牙齿状况老人的MNA评分，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：老年人群当中大多数人伴有一种或多种慢性疾病，同时还存在一定数量的营养不良人群，相关部门应重视老人营养健康教育，积极改善老年人营养状况。