汕头市青年AMI临床特征及其影响因素分析

摘要

目的：探讨汕头市青年急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者的临床特征及其影响因素。方法：选取本院2012年1月-2014年12月进入汕头地区各综合医院冠脉造影诊断AMI青年患者128例（≤45岁）为观察组和AMI老年患者316例（≥65岁）为对照组，分析青年AMI临床特征和影响因素。结果：观察组AMI发病率为25.10%，明显低于对照组的61.96%，两组比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=8.19，P<0.05）；其中观察组以AMI首发症状和典型胸痛多见，而以心功能不全、心律失常和心源性休克少见，与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；观察组平均累及冠脉（1.13±0.21）支，明显低于对照组的（2.18±0.46）支，且病变冠脉累及左主干较少见，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；男性、吸烟、酗酒、阳性家族史、情绪激动和剧烈运动的青年AMI发生率明显高于老年AMI发生率，而合并高血压、糖尿病的青年AMI发生率明显低于老年AMI发生率，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：青年AMI胸痛症状典型，累及冠脉支数较少，对于阳性家族史的男性人群，改掉不良习惯有助于降低疾病发生风险。%Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and influence factors of young acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Shantou City.Method:AMI diagnosed by coronary angiography were selected in our hospital from January 2012 to December 2014 during the new entrants to Shantou area hospital,128 patients with AMI of age≤45 years old were selected as observation group and 316 elderly patients with AMI of age≥65 years old were selected as control group,clinical characteristics and influential factors of young AMI were analyzed.Result:The AMI incidence of observation group was 25.10%,which was significantly lower than 61.96% of control group,the difference was statistically significant( χ2=8.19,P<0.05);AMI first symptoms and typical chest pain of observation group were much more,heart failure,arrhythmia and carcinogenic shock were significantly less,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);the average involving coronary of observation group was(1.13±0.21),which was significantly lower than (2.18±0.46) of control group,and left main coronary lesions involving was significantly less than control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);the incidence rate of male, smoking,drinking,positive family history,emotional and dramatic movement for youth AMI were significantly higher than elderly AMI,while the incidence rate with hypertension and diabetes were significantly lower than elderly AMI,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Young AMI chest pain typical symptoms,involving coronary is less,and for positive family history men,getting rid of bad habits helps to reduce the occurrence of disease risk.