In order to improve the static and dynamic performance of machine tool column,the stiffened plate structure of column was designed,and four kinds of preferred structure were preliminarily screened out.Orthogonal test was designed with three levels and four factors,including the structure of stiffened plate,rib thickness,the diameter of column lifting hole and the weight,maximum coupling deformation,the first order frequency and maximum coupling stress are taken as evaluation indexes.Considering the objective and subjective factors,Gray correlation method and combination weighting method were used to get the optimal parameter combination.The results show that the best combination of parameters for column are the " 十" type rib structure with rib plate thickness of 20 mm and lifting hole diameter of 180 mm.After optimized,the weight is reduced by 503 kg,the maximum stress is reduced by 6％,and the first natural frequency is increased,while the maximum deformation is substantially unchanged.The present study expands the applications of orthogonal test,grey correlation method and the combination weighting method,and it also provides a useful method for the design of other machine parts.%为提高机床立柱静动态性能,对机床立柱筋板结构进行设计,初步筛选出4种优选结构,然后以机床立柱筋板结构,筋板厚度、立柱起吊孔内径为试验因素,以立柱质量、最大耦合变形量、一阶固有频率、最大耦合应力为评估指标,设计了3因素4水平的正交试验.采用灰色关联法和组合赋权法处理有限元仿真数据,综合考虑主观因素与客观因素的影响,得到优化设计的最优参数组合.结果表明,立柱“十”型筋板结构,筋板厚20 mm,起吊孔内径180 mm是最佳参数组合,优化后,在最大耦合变形基本不变的情况下,立柱质量减轻了503 kg,最大耦合应力降低了6％,一阶固有频率也有所增加,轻量化效果显著,拓展了正交试验、组合赋权和灰色关联法的应用范围,为其它机床零部件的设计提供了有益的方法参考.
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