基于SolidWorks的挖掘机铲斗分析与优化设计∗

摘要

挖掘机铲斗是挖掘机工作装置中最为重要的部件之一，其在工作时，与石块、土壤等直接接触，工作条件极为恶劣。其结构设计的合理与否，直接影响到挖掘机铲斗的使用寿命。为解决这一问题，采用SolidWorks Simulation对挖掘机铲斗进行有限元分析，采用实体、壳体混合有限元网格模型，并进行相应的约束及载荷的加载，得到其在极端条件下的应力分布状态。并应用SolidWorks Simulation中结构参数优化功能，对挖掘机铲斗进行优化设计，以此改善挖掘机铲斗在极端工况下的受力，从而提高其使用寿命。%Excavator bucket is one of the most important components of the excavator working devices. At work, it directly contacts with the rocks and soil, so its working condition is extremely bad. The structure design is reasonable or not directly affects the service life of the excavator bucket. In order to solve this problem, this paper uses Solid Works simulation on the fi-nite element analysis of the excavator bucket. Using the solid, shell mixed finite element mesh models and loading correspond-ing constraints and loads to obtain the stress distribution on the extreme conditions. And using structure parameters optimiza-tion function of Solid Works simulation,the design of excavator bucket is optimized,which improve the load of the excavator bucket under the extreme conditions, and increase the service life.