基于行驶平顺性的电动车后悬架系统改进

摘要

In order to meet the requirement of ride comfort of an electric vehicle,the rear suspension system of the electric vehicle was improved.At first,the math model of suspension system was derived based on Thevenin model.Then,the components that would be replaced were confirmed,and three improvement schemes were worked out under the consideration of the implementation condition,respectively.At last,the original and improved model were simulated with ADAMS/Car to certify the correctness and effectiveness of the improvements.The results are following: rubber components,spiral spring,shock absorber play important roles in ride comfort;the spiral spring and shock absorber would be confirm as the primary object after considering road condition,design goal and implement condition;lowering the stiffness of spiral spring and enhancing the damping of shock absorber would benefit ride comfort,and it would lead to significant improvement of ride comfort after adjusting both in a specific range.%为提高自主研发的电动车的行驶平顺性和乘坐舒适性,对电动车后悬架系统进行了改进.首先,在原有的戴维宁等效系统的基础上,推导得到悬架模型,对模型中变量参数进行归纳总结;其次,考虑现有实施条件等客观因素,确定改进部件并制定相应的三个方案;最后,利用ADAMS/Car对改进前后方案进行仿真分析,验证了改进的正确性和有效性.分析结果表明:悬架模型中橡胶元件、螺旋弹簧、减震器对车辆行驶平顺性有着较为明显的影响;根据行驶路面、设计要求、实施条件,确定螺旋弹簧和减震器为主要改进目标;适当降低弹簧刚度、提高减震器阻尼有利于提高车辆行驶平顺性,两者在小幅度内配合调整可以取得较为明显的提升效果.