醇对微乳化金属切削液增溶水量的影响研究

摘要

醇是微乳化金属切削液中常用的一种助表面活性剂.主要探讨了不同种类和含量的醇对微乳液增溶水量的影响,结合相图研究了具有较大增溶水量的乙醇和带有支链的异戊醇分别与表面活性剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(EM)复配对微乳液的形成及微乳区面积的影响,并研究了微乳体系形成过程的热力学.结果表明,当乙醇添加量为1.0％时有最大的增溶水量.m(乙醇)∶m(EM)=1∶3,m(异戊醇)∶m(EM)=1∶5时单相微乳区面积最大,增溶的水量最多；通过热力学研究发现乙醇和异戊醇影响此过程热力学函数的变化.在微乳液形成过程中,乙醇和异戊醇从连续相油相进入微乳液界面层的标准自由能变化△Gs＜0；标准焓变ΔHs=0,为无热效应过程；△Gs由醇分子的混乱度熵变△Ss决定.%Alcohol is one of the frequently-used co-surfactant in microemulsion metal-cutting fluid. The influence on water solubilization by different kinds and contents of alcohol was discussed. Combined with the phase diagram of water solubilization, formation of microemulsions and area of microemulsion with more ethanol and isoamyl alcohol with branched chain alcohol complex surfactant fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether(EM) were researched, and the formation process of microemulsion thermodynamics was studied. The results show that there are maximum water solubilization when the dosage of ethanol is 1. 0%. When m( ethanol) : m(EM)=1 : 3, m (isoamyl alcohol) : m(EM)=l : 5,there are the largest single-phase microemulsion region and the largest amount of water solubilization. By thermodynamic studies we found that ethanol and isoamyl alcohol affect the changes of thermodynamic functions. During the formation of the micro-emulsion, the standard free energy change ΔGs<0 and the standard enthalpy change ΔHs = 0 when ethanol and isoamyl alcohol from the continuous phase of the oil phase into the layer of microemulsion interface, which is non-thermal effects process. ΔGs is decided by chaos entropy ΔSs of degree of alcohol molecular.