泡沫铝连接件焊接工艺的应用现状与展望

摘要

Aluminum foams (AF) is a novel material with structural and functional properties.Taking full advantages of alu minum foams,AFS is often combined with dense metal to improve the comprehensive mechanical properties and reduce cost,the obtained structure is named sandwich.There are lots of connection means for sandwich structure,but welding is the most reliable way to connect AFS.In this paper,the characteristics of aluminum foams and welding problems are introduced,the welding methods including conventional arc welding,laser welding,brazing,diffusion welding,friction stir welding,plasma arc welding and ultrasonic welding are reviewed.The limitations of each process are discussed,and finally the development direction of the welding process is analyzed.%泡沫铝兼具结构与功能特性,为充分发挥泡沫铝的各种性能,常将其与致密金属进行复合得到三明治结构,以提高其综合力学性能并降低成本.三明治结构的连接方法众多,而焊接手段是最可靠的连接方式.首先介绍了泡沫铝的性能特点及焊接难点,综述了其焊接方法,包括常规电孤焊、激光焊、钎焊、扩散焊、搅拌摩擦焊、等离子焊以及超声波焊,再对各工艺的局限性进行阐述,最后对泡沫铝连接件焊接工艺的发展方向进行浅析.