无容器凝固技术与新材料研究

摘要

无容器技术是新材料开发中新颖的超常技术.通过空间微重力或地面上的静电力、 电磁力、 声波力和气动力等来悬浮并稳定试样,实现新材料制备及其物性和结构的研究.无容器技术避免了器壁的异质形核,易获得深过冷和实现快速凝固,能制备常规技术无法获得的新型功能材料.由于无需容器,开辟了超高温熔体热物性测试的新方法.无容器技术和空间微重力、 高能量精密结构分析和超级计算机模拟仿真相结合,必定为我国新材料的研发及设计理论的探索提供崭新的科学平台.%Containerless processing is a new technology in the development of new materials.It uses the microgravity or electrostatic force, electromagnetic force, acoustic force and aerodynamic force to levitate the samples for fabricating novel materials and studying its physical properties and structure.Because containerless processing avoids the heterogeneous nucleation from the container wall, it is easy to get deep cooling and form new functional materials which cannot be fabricated by conventional methods.As no containers is needed, it opens up a new method for measuring thermophysical properties for ultra-high temperature melt.Combing containerless processing with space microgravity, high-energy precision structural analysis devices and supercomputer simulation, a new materials research frontier will be established in China.