The fabrication of substrates with strong surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity is one of the most important research focuses.The researches play an important role in exploring the applications of SERS.In this review article four simple and novel approaches for fabricating 3D micro-ano-substrates have been demonstrated and the obtained SERS-active substrates have great advantages,such as high repeatability,good stability,and large enhancement factors.Rolled-up microtubes:the diameter of the microtube can be adjusted,and the SERS signal is stable.Micro-ano-structures fabricated by using porous anodic alumina templates:the Raman signal presents excellent uniformity.Composite structures which combine nanoparticles with nanowiresanorods:there are more “hot spots” and larger specific surface area for absorbing molecules.Microano-structures produced using butterfly wings as templates:the substrates have high detection sensitivity and good signal reproducibility.Compared with low-dimensional SERS-active substrates,3D micro-ano-structures have much superior performance and new features,such as the sensitivity and the repeatability of SERS signal are significantly improved.The introduction of 3D micro-ano-structures in this field may pave the way for practical applications of SELS.%表面增强拉曼散射基底的制备一直是表面增强拉曼散射技术最重要的研究领域,而且对于扩大其研究范围和应用领域起着重要的作用.综述了4种制备三维基底简单而新颖的方法,得到的表面增强拉曼活性基底具有重复性高、稳定性好、增强因子大等优点.第一种:利用自卷曲技术制备的卷曲微管阵列,微管阵列直径可控,拉曼信号稳定;第二种:采用多孔氧化铝模板制备的三维阵列结构,该阵列结构光谱的谱形和强度呈现了极好的均一性;第三种:纳米线或纳米棒上原位生长纳米颗粒的三维复合结构,该基底测量优势在于不仅能够在单位体积内产生更多的“热点”,而且会增加基底的比表面积来吸附更多的待测分子;第四种:使用蝴蝶翅膀为模板制备的三维精细微纳结构,该基底拥有极高的探测灵敏度以及良好的信号重现性.与低维度的表面增强拉曼散射基底相比,三维结构具有更加优越的性能以及一些单个粒子所不具备的新特性,能够显著提高表面增强拉曼散射信号检测的灵敏性和重复性,也为进一步地将表面增强拉曼散射技术应用于实际检测中创造了机会.
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