天津海域围填海工程对渤海湾水交换的影响研究

摘要

Based on the FVCOM (the Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model),numerical model of Bohai bay water exchange was established,and the observed data of tide and currents was uscd to validate the simulated result.The simulated results of the Bohai bay water exchange showed that half period of water exchange in Bohai Bay extends from 300 days to 325 days,when Tianjin reclamation projects are established.In western Bohai Bay,the water exchange rate even reduces by 10 ％,and half period of water exchange extends for 92 days.In southern Tianjin coastal area especially,water exchange capacity decreased significantly,and half period of water exchange extended for 200 days with the effect of reclamation projects,as well as in some areas of the northern Bohai Bay.Therefore,it was suggested that the effect of projects on water exchange and environment of coastal sea should be considered in the development of reclamation projects.%利用三维海洋数值模型FVCOM,进行渤海湾三维水动力和水交换数值模拟,经实测潮汐和潮流资料验证,模型模拟结果较好.然后采用该模型对渤海湾内的水体水交换能力进行定量研究.研究结果表明,在天津海域进行围填海工程之前渤海湾水体的半交换周期为300 d左右,围填海之后,水体半交换周期延长25 d,渤海湾西部水体的水交换率下降可达10％,半交换周期延长92 d.尤其是天津沿海南部海域的水交换能力下降严重,围填海之后其水体半交换周期延长可达200 d.渤海湾北部也有部分海域水交换周期延长达200 d.建议在进行围填海工程建设时,应将工程对水体交换能力的影响纳入考虑,避免因围填海工程因素造成的恶劣环境影响.