微型扑翼飞行器驱动系统工程设计方法

摘要

以微型扑翼飞行器研制为背景,从系统的角度提出了一种仿生扑翼驱动系统的工程设计方法.根据仿生尺度率原理,对微型扑翼飞行器的总体参数进行了初步设计,提出了驱动系统的设计目标.进行了扑动翼风洞实验,以实际能达到的飞行状态为标准对实验数据进行分析处理,获得了扑动参数的可行范围和功耗需求.对微型无刷电机进行了工作特性测试,得到了电机转速、转矩、输出功率、效率等的拟合关系.综合考虑扑动参数可行范围、功耗需求和电机特性等多个因素,对驱动系统的减速比分配、减速器优化和四连杆扑动机构计算等方面进行了设计,得到了具有良好系统匹配性能的微型扑翼驱动系统,并通过样机研制和飞行实验证明了设计方法的有效性与可行性.所得研究结论对微型扑翼飞行器的工程设计和研制有一定指导意义.%For developing an efficient flapping-wing micro air vehicle (FMAV),an engineering design method for flappingwing driving system is systematically proposed.According to the principle of bionic scale law,the initial design of FMAV is carried out and the goal of flapping-wing driving system design is specified.The feasible flutter parameters and power requirements of the flapping-wing are demonstrated by the wind tunnel experiments which are processed submitting to the practical flying status.After carrying out another test,the micro brushless motor's operating characteristics of angular speed,torque,power output and efficiency are achieved.Then the feasible flutter parameters,power requirements and motor's operating characteristics are comprehensively considered,which make the assignation of the reduction ratio,optimization of the reduction gear and design of the four-link mechanism concordant.The mechanism prototype's flying tests verify the effectiveness and feasibility of this design approach.The results of this research are helpful for engineering design and development of FMAV.