高压水射流掘进机截割头设计

摘要

掘进机是煤矿巷道掘进的主要设备,国内现有的掘进机主要依靠截齿截割,当煤岩硬度较大时,截割头振动剧烈,大大缩短了截齿的使用寿命.为了改善截割头的振动情况,在截割头上引入高压水射流辅助截齿截割,并对高压水射流掘进机截割头关键环节进行具体设计.研究发现,截割头上高压水射流配置方式包括四种:前置式、后置式、中心式和侧置式,其中应优先选择前置式,当水压达到40MPa时,截割头上一般可布置(5～15)个喷嘴,且优先布置在工作环境比较恶劣的球面与锥面的过渡位置.进行高压水射流掘进机截割头截割实验,研究表明所设计的截割头能有效降低截割头振动,当水压达到40MPa时,振幅平均值降低45.6％,且振动更加平稳.%Roadheader is the main equipment in coal mine for tunneling,but the domestic existing roadheader mainly depends on picks for tunneling,the hard coal rock causes intense vibration on the cutting head,which shortens the service life of picks.In order to decrease the vibration,the high pressure water jet is equipped in the the cutting head,and the key parts of the cutting head is designed.The study found that the high pressure water jet configurations include four forms:front jet,rear jet,central jet and lateral jet,among which the front jet should be preferred.When the water pressure reaches 40MPa,5-15 nozzles can be arranged on the cutting head,and they should be arranged at the transition position of spherical and conical surface,where the pick working environment is bad.The cutting experiment showed that the cutting head designed can effectively reduce the vibration,when the water pressure reaches 40MPa,the vibration average amplitude is reduced by 45.6％,and the vibration is more stable.