辽河保护区土壤可培养真菌多样性分析

摘要

文章对辽河保护区的4个市（区）总计17个样地进行取土抽样调查，对58份土样用稀释平板法分离、培养、纯化，共获得226株真菌，经鉴定分属于21属。同时，调查结果表明：辽河保护区可培养土壤真菌中木霉属（Trichoderma）、毛霉属（Mucor）、青霉属（Penicillium）、根霉属（Rhizopus）、曲霉属（Aspergillus）和须霉属（Phycomyces）等种类，是该地区的优势类群。辽河保护区内土壤可培养真菌多样性较高，不同生境间土壤真菌多样性属于中等相似水平；表层土壤真菌多样性低于深层土壤真菌多样性。从上游至下游，土壤真菌多样性总体上是逐渐降低，说明人类对保护区的干扰和土壤环境的稳定造成破坏，影响土壤真菌的正常活动。自然恢复区土壤真菌多样性高于耕作区，表明自然植物恢复对于土壤真菌多样性提高有促进作用，植被越丰富土壤真菌多样性越高。%The soil samples had been taken from 17 sample areas of Liaohe reserve. The fungi from 58 soil samples were separated, cultured and purified with PDA culture media by the dilution plate method. 226 strains of fungi were gained and 21 genera of soil fungi were identified. The results showed that Trichoderma,Mucor,Penicillium,Rhizopus,Aspergillus and Phycomyces were dominant groups in soil of Liaohe reserve. Liaohe reserve had a high level of diversity of soil-cultured fungi.The diversities of soil-cultured fungi in different habitats were medium-similar. The diversity of surface soil fungi was lower than the deep soil’s. From upstream to down-stream,the diversity of soil fungi was gradually decreased.It showed that the stability of soil environment had been damaged by human interference and the normal activities of soil fungi had been affected. The soil fungi diversity of natural restoration zone was higher than Farming area’s which showed that the diversity of soil fungi had been promoted by the plant recovery and the richer the vegetation,the higher diversity of the soil fungi.